前端经典面试题合集, 前沿技术
前端经典面试题合集, 前沿技术
QA
Step 1
Q:: 什么是HTML5的语义化？
A:: HTML5的语义化是指通过使用合适的标签来清晰地描述网页内容的意义，使得页面具有更好的结构性和可读性。例如，使用<article>表示文章内容，<header>表示头部内容，<footer>表示底部内容等。
Step 2
Q:: CSS盒模型是什么？
A:: CSS盒模型是指在CSS中，一个元素由内容(content)、内边距(padding)、边框(border)和外边距(margin)组成。理解盒模型对于进行布局和定位至关重要。
Step 3
Q:: 解释一下JavaScript的闭包(closure)是什么？
A:: 闭包是指函数能够记住并访问其词法作用域，即使当函数在其词法作用域之外执行时。闭包常用于数据封装和创建私有变量。
Step 4
Q:: 什么是跨域请求，如何解决跨域问题？
A:: 跨域请求是指浏览器在一个域下的网页试图访问另一个域的资源。解决跨域问题的常用方法有JSONP、CORS、代理服务器等。
Step 5
Q:: Vue和React的区别是什么？
A:: Vue和React都是前端框架，但Vue是一个MVVM框架，数据和DOM之间的绑定是双向的，而React是一个视图库，数据流是单向的。Vue使用模板语法，React使用JSX。
用途
面试这些内容是为了考察候选人对前端开发的基础知识和实际操作能力的掌握情况。在实际生产环境中，这些知识点会直接影响到项目的架构设计、代码质量、性能优化和用户体验。例如，HTML`5`的语义化可以提高SEO效果，CSS盒模型理解错误会导致布局问题，JavaScript闭包在很多高级编程中都需要用到，跨域请求处理是前后端分离架构中经常遇到的问题，而选择合适的前端框架会影响整个项目的开发效率和维护性。\n相关问题
后端经典面试题合集, 前沿技术
QA
Step 1
Q:: What is RESTful API, and how do you design one?
A:: RESTful API is a design pattern used in web services development that relies on a stateless, client-server, cacheable communications protocol — typically, the HTTP. It uses standard HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE. Designing a RESTful API involves defining resource URIs, using HTTP methods properly, and ensuring stateless communication, among other things. A well-designed REST API should be easy to understand and use, scalable, and maintainable.
Step 2
Q:: What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming?
A:: Synchronous programming means that code is executed in a sequential order, where each step is completed before moving on to the next one. Asynchronous programming, on the other hand, allows the program to perform other operations while waiting for an operation to complete, which is especially useful in I/O-bound or network-bound tasks. This allows better utilization of system resources and improved performance in concurrent operations.
Step 3
Q:: Explain the concept of microservices and their benefits?
A:: Microservices is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of small, autonomous services modeled around a business domain. The main benefits include improved scalability, ease of deployment, fault isolation, and the ability to use different technologies and languages for different services. It also allows teams to develop, test, and deploy services independently, which increases development speed and flexibility.
Step 4
Q:: What is a database transaction, and what are ACID properties?
A:: A database transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work, which must exhibit the ACID properties — Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. Atomicity ensures that all operations within the transaction are completed successfully, or none at all. Consistency guarantees that the database remains in a valid state before and after the transaction. Isolation ensures that the operations in a transaction are isolated from other operations, and Durability guarantees that the results of a transaction are permanent, even in the case of a system failure.
Step 5
Q:: How does caching improve performance in a web application?
A:: Caching improves performance by storing copies of frequently accessed data in a temporary storage location, allowing faster access. It reduces the load on the database, decreases latency, and improves the overall response time of the application. There are different caching strategies, such as in-memory caching, distributed caching, and HTTP caching, which can be applied depending on the specific use case.